Parliamentary AI Focus

Health Minister Ong Ye Kung used the MOH Committee of Supply debate to announce that Singapore has officially become a super-aged society (over 21% of the population aged 65+). MOH unveiled the ACE-AI predictive tool (developed by Synapxe) for diabetes and hyperlipidaemia risk screening, anchored on an "AI-enhanced, not AI-decided" principle, with rollout to all Healthier SG clinics from early 2027. Other measures: BRCA1/2 genetic testing subsidy from December 2026 (up to 70%); MediShield Life cover for preventive surgeries (mastectomy in Q3 2026, salpingo-oophorectomy in Q4 2026); and higher MediSave chronic and preventive care limits (raised from 500/700 to 700/1000 from January 2027), benefiting 910,000+ patients.

The most AI-intensive debate in Budget 2026. The MDDI GPC delivered coordinated scrutiny across six themes: AI value proposition, digital capabilities, ethical governance, inclusive growth, infrastructure and cybersecurity, and a high-trust digital society. Minister Josephine Teo announced: (1) support for 100,000 workers to become "AI bilingual", starting with accountancy and legal professions and scaled via TeSA; (2) the world's first Model Governance Framework for Agentic AI; (3) Singapore will host the second International Scientific Exchange on AI Safety to update the "Singapore Consensus"; (4) targeted action to close the SME AI gap so that frontier firms do not pull away. MP focus areas: deepfake regulation (Christopher de Souza), AI media literacy (Fadli Fawzi), data centre investment competition, AI impact on PMEs, and cybersecurity against AI-enabled threats.

The MTI Committee of Supply debate focused on AI-driven structural economic transformation. MPs asked whether Industry Transformation Maps (ITMs) genuinely drive productivity gains or merely help firms cut costs, pressing on how to measure real productivity uplift (management upgrades, process redesign, business model change) rather than simple adoption rates of digital tools. Focus areas: SMEs struggling with AI implementation, the gap between university/A*STAR research and commercial exit in the AI startup scene, AI-enabled dark patterns (fake reviews, subscription traps) threatening consumers. A proposal: an AI assistant on government portals that recommends grants and schemes based on each firm's profile.

The MOE Committee of Supply debate examined AI's structural impact on the education system. MP Darryl David framed AI as more than another tech trend — it is reshaping industries, organisational models and the skills needed to create value. The debate focused on: (1) tiered professional development for teachers — foundational AI tool / digital pedagogy training, advanced curriculum design and ethics, continuous tracking of AI trends; (2) inclusive AI education ensuring students of all abilities benefit; (3) critical thinking — when generative AI can produce essays and code in seconds, the differentiator is independent judgement and critical use of AI; (4) expanding AI and data analytics courses through adult education (e.g. PACE).

The MOM Committee of Supply debate was the centrepiece for AI and workforce issues in the Budget. Minister Tan See Leng framed AI as transforming the nature of work — not only what jobs people do, but how work is organised, skills are built, and careers evolve. Key threads: (1) AI as a gamechanger that can augment or displace workers depending on how jobs are redesigned; (2) SkillsFuture participation exceeding 600,000, with 458,000+ Singaporeans using SkillsFuture credits; (3) reframing "job redesign" as "human-with-AI job redesign", using design thinking to combine AI with human judgement, empathy and creativity; (4) mid-career PMEs face the highest risk and need career health to become mainstream, preventive and personalised; (5) generative AI poses higher risk to white-collar work than to manual / dexterity-based roles.

MP Dr Charlene Chen asked how the government is monitoring teen use of AI chatbots for mental health counselling and how it protects vulnerable users. Senior Minister of State for Health Dr Koh Poh Koon replied that AI chatbots are now ubiquitous, making tracking impractical. He stated clearly that generative AI chatbots are not suitable substitutes for qualified mental-health providers because of risks of misinformation and inappropriate responses that could cause harm. Young people turn to them for anonymity and 24/7 availability. The government's strategy: promote legitimate alternatives (mindline 1771, mindline.sg, CHAT), and require app stores under the Code of Practice for Online Safety to implement age assurance by end-March 2026.

MP Valerie Lee asked what government measures are pushing AI in the energy generation sector, and how households and businesses are supported to use AI for energy efficiency. MOS Gan Siow Huang responded: (1) the Energy Market Authority (EMA) launched a Virtual Power Plant (VPP) regulatory sandbox in 2025, using AI to forecast renewable output and optimise capacity against market conditions; (2) EMA already uses AI internally for solar forecasting; (3) Enterprise Singapore supports the SBF Cost and Carbon Reduction Programme, with AI tools helping SMEs identify cost-down and decarbonisation opportunities. Supplementaries focused on training AI talent for the energy sector and overseas experience with AI in dispatch and renewables.

In his closing speech to the Budget debate, Deputy Prime Minister and Finance Minister Lawrence Wong explicitly identified AI as the centrepiece of Budget 2026. Budget 2026 aims to make AI a strategic advantage, drive nationwide AI adoption, and allow Singaporeans to fully capture technology-driven opportunities. The speech positions AI as a key component of the national action plan against a backdrop of geopolitical fragmentation and a weakening multilateral order.

MOS Zhulkarnain responded to several MPs' concerns about children's screen time and online safety during the MSF Committee of Supply debate. The government's strategy includes helping children stay safe online, use AI responsibly, and — by reducing screen time — giving parents more space for family interaction. The discussion centred on protecting minors in the AI era without blocking their ability to learn and adapt to new technologies.

Two AI issues drew attention in the MSF Committee of Supply debate. MP Rachel Ong raised the threat of AI deepfakes — especially sexually exploitative content — to children and vulnerable groups, asking what safeguards exist and how MSF coordinates with other agencies. Separately, MP Neo Kok Beng warned that AI automation is displacing traditional jobs for persons with disabilities (packing, sorting, basic admin, coding), calling for a shift from "protective employment" to building disability employment resilience in the AI economy.

In the MCCY Committee of Supply debate, several Malay/Muslim MPs focused on the community's readiness for the AI economy. MP Saktiandi Supaat argued that AI transformation strategy must ensure children and youth not only use technology but create value with it, citing a Sec 4 student who is curious about AI but lacks deeper understanding. MP Wan Rizal addressed youth transitions from higher education into the AI-driven labour market. The debate referenced the National AI Council, National AI Mission and AI Champions programme as creating new opportunities for Malay/Muslim businesses, while asking: is the community ready to step into this new world?

During the MOH Committee of Supply debate, MP Dr Choo Pei Ling delivered a focused speech on "healthcare technology and AI". She argued that clinicians face a triple burden of clinical complexity, administrative load, and coordination demands; generative AI can assist with clinical documentation, while clinical decision-support systems can synthesise complex information. She called for accelerating AI deployment in healthcare and stressed that scaling from pilots to routine clinical practice requires solving the rollout barriers.

During the MOH Committee of Supply debate, MP Mariam Jaafar delivered a landmark speech on AI in healthcare policy. She put a bigger question to the Minister: if healthcare is truly a national AI mission, the goal cannot just be incremental adoption — Singapore must build a complete system (infrastructure, governance, talent, and the underlying plumbing) so that AI safely, effectively and at scale improves outcomes for every patient. She identified the need to cultivate "translator" talent fluent in both clinical realities and machine learning. Once AI is shown to deliver real patient benefit safely and reliably at scale, Singapore will gain a decisive global competitive advantage.

The MOT Committee of Supply debate covered two significant AI threads. First, the Next-Generation Port at Tuas uses automation, advanced sensors, predictive analytics and AI to keep the infrastructure globally competitive — but requires responsible deployment to manage workforce transitions. Second, an MP proposed a bolder vision: under the Sijori framework, the National AI Mission can act as a "force multiplier", enabling cross-border smart factories, multimodal logistics optimisation, embedded trade finance, and stronger regional medical/bio-manufacturing supply chains — turning infrastructure expansion into a coordinated, AI-powered economic engine.

The MND Committee of Supply debate discussed how AI and robotics could remake construction. The core thread: how tech progress can save time, cut costs, and reduce manpower demand. AI and robotics promise to turn construction into a fast, smart, highly automated industry, addressing the sector's chronic labour shortages and productivity issues.

In the continuation of the MSE Committee of Supply debate, the MOS responded to MPs' questions about AI applications. The discussion centred on using AI to improve the specificity and sensitivity of recycling streams and to lift waste-sorting and resource recovery efficiency. The government said it is exploring AI to boost food production efficiency under Singapore Food Story 2.0.

Sustainability and the Environment Minister Grace Fu spoke on AI's role in climate prediction during the MSE Committee of Supply debate. One MSE research project uses AI to improve forecasts of heavy rainfall and strong winds, sharpening early warnings. This is a concrete example of systematically embedding AI in the government's climate-adaptation strategy.

During the MSE Committee of Supply debate, MPs asked whether the Ministry has explored using AI to strengthen Singapore's climate resilience initiatives. The discussion centred on using the latest technology to forecast extreme weather and the potential for AI to sharpen project accuracy. Multiple MPs raised concerns about the practical impacts of climate change on Singapore and the technological responses.

Questions focused on the weakening of the global multilateral order and economic vulnerability. The government emphasised economic resilience and AI investment under the new global order. The central debate is how to navigate geopolitical tension and economic uncertainty.

MPs questioned the government's budget plans to push AI economy and global leadership, and probed whether a state-owned AI corporation should be set up to protect data sovereignty and the public interest. The government responded with National AI Strategy 2.0, emphasising data security, technical performance, and international cooperation. The core debate: how to prevent global tech giants from dominating Singapore's AI market, avoid data leakage and tech dependency, and regulate foreign use of public data including how returns are shared.

MPs asked, after Meta's acquisition of Singapore-based AI startup Manus, about the share of local employees, retention guarantees, and technology transfer safeguards. The government replied that the acquisition is a commercial agreement and it does not intervene in specific terms; firms must comply with Singapore labour law and fair hiring rules, and EDB drives skills transfer and talent development. MPs focused on whether firms benefiting from Singapore's business environment genuinely deliver value to local workers post-acquisition, and suggested setting local hiring targets for "red-card" companies and preventing the abuse of shell-company structures.

An MP asked whether the government has studied AI software adoption broken down between Singapore SMEs, MNCs and individuals. The government replied that since 2023, IMDA has been tracking adoption across firms of different sizes and their workers via the annual Singapore Digital Economy Report. The core debate is on adoption differences across actors and the transparency of the data.

An MP asked whether the government is studying for whom AI is a substitute versus a complement, and whether there are differences between SMEs and MNCs. The government replied that it is studying AI's labour-market impact and that effects depend on the nature of business activities and job roles rather than firm size. The government supports all firms in job redesign and worker reskilling to help displaced workers transition — an inclusive workforce-transformation approach.

MPs asked about take-up of SkillsFuture-supported AI training courses and whether targets exist for PMEs. The government replied that around 105,000 individuals participated last year, with no fixed targets but ongoing encouragement of lifelong learning backed by subsidies. MPs raised the difficulty of course selection and the cost of advanced courses, suggesting better course recommendations and more funding support for PMEs. The government said it will keep refining course guidance and industry collaboration to push more personalised training paths.

MPs asked MOE about its policy on optimal class sizes given the increasingly complex challenges teachers face — diverse learning needs, mental-health challenges, and special educational needs. The Education Minister replied that class sizes are calibrated to students' learning needs, with smaller classes for special education and early intervention, alongside more counsellors and special-needs staff. The core debate is on balancing resource allocation and teaching quality so students with diverse needs get enough support.

An MP asked whether the Competition and Consumer Commission of Singapore is reviewing Meta's acquisition of local AI startup Manus and how such acquisitions affect the domestic AI startup scene. The government replied there is no current review and stressed Singapore's voluntary merger notification regime, which encourages innovation while guarding against anti-competitive risks. The core debate is whether the framework is sufficient for fast-moving AI-industry M&A.

An MP asked whether quarterly statistics on AI-related retrenchments and the redeployment of affected workers will be published. The government replied that retrenchments are mainly attributed to business restructuring (which includes AI-driven productivity gains) and that it will continue to study technology's impact on jobs. The central debate is the transparency of AI retrenchment data and how its specific impact is assessed.

An MP asked whether the property-agent code of ethics will be updated to require declaration of AI-edited listing images and videos. The government responded that existing rules require advertising materials to accurately describe the property, and recommended that agents provide disclaimers about AI use to avoid misleading consumers. The CEA is reviewing the guidance to balance consumer protection with industry innovation. The central debate is how to regulate AI use and information transparency.

An MP asked about the government's plans to deploy agentic AI systems to automate civil service job functions, and about HR policies for officers made redundant by AI. The government replied that AI deployment will proceed cautiously, with a focus on upskilling officers to work alongside AI on complex problem analysis and solution design — reflecting a balance between efficiency gains and risk control.

MPs raised teachers' high stress levels and mental-health support, with concern over the low share of young teachers and their non-teaching workload. The Education Minister stressed the noble responsibility of the teaching profession, acknowledged heavy workload, and committed to reviewing and improving the allocation of non-teaching tasks to safeguard teacher well-being. The central debate is how to effectively reduce teacher load and retain young teachers.

An MP asked whether the PSLE emphasises rote learning, whether it nurtures a love of lifelong learning, and how it compares with inquiry-based, collaborative approaches abroad. MOE replied that the PSLE focuses on core concepts and critical thinking, emphasising diverse pedagogies and 21st-century competencies, with international assessments showing students perform well in complex problem-solving. MPs raised concerns about teaching quality in lower-income, higher-needs schools and lessons from overseas. MOE highlighted that inquiry and collaboration are integrated in teacher training. The core debate: how to balance academic rigour with creative capacity.

An MP asked whether MOE will develop an age-progressive framework for responsible use of generative AI, plus parent guidance. MOE replied that it has provided schools with age-appropriate AI guidance via the Digital Literacy and Technology Skills guide and has resources for parents to support reasonable AI use at home. The central debate: how to systematise age-progressive guidance and school-family coordination.

An MP asked whether SkillsFuture Credit eligibility will be extended to cover subscriptions to high-quality AI productivity tools for hands-on learning. The government replied that AI-related courses and tools are already supported, courses already include practical tools, and given the fast pace of AI it will keep watching and supporting relevant skills development. The central debate: whether tool subscriptions themselves should be directly covered by SkillsFuture Credit.

An MP asked why students are turning away from traditional engineering disciplines, how curricula and pay can be aligned with emerging industries, and whether public-sector hiring and scholarship policies will be adjusted. MOE replied that it works with economic agencies to update curricula and promote interdisciplinary engineering education; industry taskforces address built-environment talent shortages and pay competition; and career guidance and public-sector recruitment are being strengthened. The core debate: how industry pay and working conditions affect talent attraction.

An MP asked whether MOE will get NIE and ECDA to collaborate on brain-based learning research across learning profiles, and proposed an interdisciplinary taskforce on brain-based learning combined with adaptive AI in education. MOE replied that multi-party education research is already in place, curriculum design draws on neuroscience and educational psychology, and expert input is reflected — without explicitly committing to a new taskforce. The central debate: whether a dedicated team is needed to drive deeper integration of brain science and AI.

Questions focused on the latest progress of Jobs Transformation Maps, support for mid-career employees adapting to industry shifts, and assistance for workers in restructuring sectors. The government replied that 19 JTMs have been launched, covering about 1.7 million workers, and that career conversion programmes help mid-career workers reskill while industry insights drive upskilling and job redesign in restructuring sectors. The core debate: how to effectively implement JTM recommendations so mid-career and restructuring-sector workers transition smoothly.

An MP asked whether Singapore is studying Denmark's use of copyright law to fight deepfakes. The government said it takes the online harms of deepfakes seriously and will introduce new legislation to strengthen victims' redress. It stressed that copyright law primarily supports innovation and creativity, is not the right tool to regulate technology abuse, and related infringements can be handled via other IP laws. The core debate: whether copyright law is appropriate for deepfake governance.

MPs asked about the cyclical and structural drivers behind the lower share of fresh graduates landing full-time employment, and how the Graduate Industry Traineeships (GRIT) programme can ease the difficulty. The debate focused on GRIT's implementation details, quality safeguards, long-term returns, and support for strategic industries. The government emphasised structured training and firm participation to lift graduate competitiveness; MPs focused on programme effectiveness and fair conversion mechanisms. The core debate: whether the programme genuinely improves long-term employment quality.

An MP asked how the government works with IHLs to develop frameworks that review curricula and track skills-obsolescence risk for recent graduates, and how long-term employability is measured. The government replied that it monitors graduate outcomes via employment surveys, regularly aligns curricula with industry needs, and strengthens industry-school partnerships and internships to lift students' AI and interdisciplinary capabilities. The core debate: how to effectively respond to skills-update challenges from rapid AI advances.

An MP asked how MOE ensures regular curriculum updates to match future economic needs, especially in digitalisation, sustainability, and healthcare. MOE replied that it uses regular reviews, industry consultations, and teacher industry stints to keep content tracking industry developments — school curricula are reviewed every 6–8 years, IHL curricula more frequently, and priority areas like AI update faster. The core debate: whether update frequency matches industry needs.

In light of AGO findings on contract management and tender evaluation errors, an MP asked whether the Public Service Division uses AI and other technologies to lift efficiency and reduce errors. The government replied that it has been actively exploring such use and has begun applying AI in suitable areas to ensure contract evaluations align with procurement principles. The core debate: how to effectively use AI to increase transparency and efficiency in government procurement.

MPs asked how MAS ensures fintech platforms and non-bank institutions maintain liquidity and manage withdrawal risks, and strengthens retail-investor protection. The government replied that such investment platforms operate under Capital Markets Services licences, client assets are segregated from platform assets, and withdrawals follow set timeframes. In a recent withdrawal surge incident, the platforms' risk management worked as intended, though limits were placed on some instant withdrawals and linked debit-card features — reflecting a balance between regulatory flexibility and risk control.

MPs asked about digital infrastructure resilience and security safeguards, focusing on cloud and data centre security guidelines. The government emphasised the strong growth of Singapore's digital economy and the issuance of guidance to lift infrastructure security, ensuring digital transformation is sustainable and inclusive. The core debate: how to further strengthen infrastructure against round-the-clock operational risks.

MPs questioned the effectiveness of MOM's retirement security, workforce-upgrading and inclusive workplace efforts, with a focus on the challenges of an ageing workforce. They proposed using assistive technologies to redesign jobs and setting up dedicated training centres to lift senior employment rates. The government has yet to respond fully; the debate centres on tackling ageing-workforce shortages and the economic impact.

MPs asked about the potential impact of geopolitical tensions on Singapore's economy, particularly the risks of protectionism and tariff wars. The government replied that the global multilateral free-trade system is under pressure and trade wars may disrupt supply chains, hurting investment and growth. The core debate: how to navigate external uncertainty and domestic resource constraints while sustaining growth.

MPs raised post-pandemic employment recovery, inflation pressure, and protection of vulnerable groups. The Manpower Minister replied that resident unemployment has dropped to 2.8%, with skills training, the Progressive Wage Model and retirement security supporting employment across different age and vulnerable groups; income growth has outpaced inflation and the labour market remains strong. The core debate: how to keep lifting low-income welfare and respond to global economic uncertainty.

MPs asked whether Singapore's economy can outperform the 2025 1–3% growth forecast, emphasising the importance of growth for jobs and international competitiveness. The government replied that growth requires overcoming tight constraints on land, workforce and now carbon, through structural productivity gains, firm transformation, and infrastructure investment. The core debate: how to achieve higher growth under resource constraints.

MPs asked how Singapore can maintain its competitive edge as an international dispute resolution hub, especially against rising competitors like Abu Dhabi. The government stressed that Singapore's rule of law, professional talent and innovation continue to attract cross-border dispute cases, and pushes international mediation conventions. The core debate: how to handle global competition and attract talent so Singapore's lead is not eroded.

MPs raised the MHA budget and measures against tech-enabled crime. The government replied that a new clearance concept lifts border security and efficiency, using AI to strengthen risk assessment and automation while cutting manpower needs. The debate focused on AI-enabled crime challenges and HR pressure; the government emphasised transformation and reskilling, reflecting growing focus on integrating security and technology.

MPs asked how the government partners community groups and the public to safeguard Singapore's racial and religious harmony and respond to the global trust deficit in public institutions. They highlighted the threat of rumours and misinformation to social cohesion and called for collective effort. The government response is not included in the excerpt; the core debate is on balancing policy enforcement with community participation to strengthen public trust in law-enforcement institutions.

MPs asked about the changing international security environment and its impact on Singapore's defence budget, focusing on US-China tensions, the wavering rules-based order, and regional security risks. The government stressed the importance of defence and the SAF for national security and called for sustained, strong defensive capability to handle complex and shifting global conditions. The core debate: the stability of international alliances and how Singapore should adjust its defence strategy.

An MP asked whether the government is considering restrictions on public officers using DeepSeek, similar to bans imposed on government devices in some other countries. The government replied that it has policy frameworks for assessing technology suitability and balances security with innovation, without directly addressing DeepSeek. Asked whether the government's in-house AI tool Pair relies on overseas commercial platforms, the government did not elaborate publicly and said it could follow up privately. The core debate: the government's attitude toward specific commercial AI products and the transparency of data security.

The parliamentary debate centred on Budget 2025, focusing on how to navigate global political-economic shifts and technological change — especially the impact of frontier technologies such as AI on the economy and society. The government emphasised supporting families and firms while actively positioning for future growth via tech innovation and talent development. The core debate: how to balance short-term support with long-term transformation, and the employment and governance challenges raised by AI.

MPs asked about the impact of US export controls on Singapore's semiconductor industry and economy, and how the government will prevent firms from using Singapore to bypass US restrictions. The government stressed that Singapore is a transparent, rule-of-law international business hub that cracks down on violations and protects national reputation. The core debate: whether Singapore is placed in the second tier of US export controls and how trust with the US can be rebuilt.

An MP asked how the US 2025 AI diffusion rule and export controls affect Singapore's ability to import high-end chips and its AI competitiveness. The government replied that the rule is not yet final; it is closely monitoring and engaging firms, and will act when needed to protect Singapore-based firms' access to high-end US technology. The core debate: Singapore not being on the exception list may affect technology imports and competitiveness.

An MP asked why the government decided to stop the practice of partially masking NRIC numbers and whether the AI era has accelerated reverse-engineering risks for personal data. The government replied that this would be addressed in detail the next day via a Ministerial Statement. The core debate: balancing data privacy protection with the security challenges of advancing technology.

An MP asked whether the government will introduce guidelines on employers' use of automated decision-making tools to prevent hiring and promotion bias, recommending bias audits and disclosure. The Manpower Minister replied that the existing Tripartite Guidelines on Fair Employment Practices already cover fair-employment principles, no related complaints have been received, AI is evolving fast, and the government will keep monitoring and work with relevant bodies to assess the applicability of current rules. MPs followed up on data privacy and employee consent; the government said it will consider improvements but cautioned against over-restriction.

An MP asked about progress over the past three years in developing IT and AI professionals through Career Conversion Programmes, plus plans for the next three to five years. The government cited training results from SkillsFuture and CCPs, emphasising expanded mid-career training and industry partnerships. MPs focused on the gap between current AI professional numbers and targets, and on private-sector participation — reflecting the core debate over training scale versus targets.

An MP asked about the scale of Singapore's AI-specific compute, plans for a national cloud, and the related legal framework. The government replied that Singapore's data centre capacity leads the region, AI compute is dynamically allocated, demand is met via the National Supercomputing Centre and commercial cloud, and there is no current mandate for private data centres to contribute compute. The core debate: whether legislation should mandate private-sector participation in a national cloud.

Questions focused on how social media accelerates youth radicalisation, AI's role in radicalisation over the next five years, and the response plan. The government replied that online platforms and algorithms amplify extremist content, and AI will accelerate radicalisation and assist terrorist propaganda. It uses legislation and cross-agency coordination — blocking extremist content and community outreach — as a combined response. The core debate: the technology-driven acceleration of radicalisation and the difficulty of content regulation.

An MP asked about female enrolment and graduation rates in AI and machine learning programmes at Singapore's IHLs over the past five years, comparison with male students, and measures to lift female participation. The government replied that women make up about a quarter of enrolment, with graduation rates above 90%, and outlined multiple programmes and partnerships to push women's participation in AI/STEM. The core debate: low female participation and how to effectively raise it.

Questions focused on the gender gap in Singapore's AI adoption (especially generative AI) and acceptance among different groups. The government replied that Singapore women's tech-sector share outperforms the global average and women make up a notable share of generative AI users. It outlined multiple AI education and training programmes for different groups, emphasising inclusion and broad reach. The core debate: how to design more effective targeted strategies for specific groups.

An MP asked about the accuracy of the government's deepfake detection tools, how to distinguish harmful deepfakes from legitimate political satire, and how false positives are handled. The government replied that tools are constantly updated and accuracy rates are not published, with harmful content addressed under POFMA; satire is not automatically unlawful. It is studying international experience on whether further election-safety safeguards are needed. The core debate: balance between technical transparency and free speech.

An MP asked whether Industry Transformation Maps will be updated to factor in AI's impact on skills training, and whether Training Continuity Maps should be set up to safeguard deep-skill talent. The government replied that 23 ITMs have been refreshed, Jobs Transformation Maps have been launched to support job redesign and reskilling, and multiple AI-related training programmes are running. It emphasised using government-industry collaboration to lift Singaporeans' AI skills and drive employment transition. The core debate: how to balance AI substitution with cultivation of deep-skill talent.

MP Christopher de Souza asked whether the police are tracking the number of scams perpetrated through deepfake video and images. Home Affairs Minister K Shanmugam replied that the police are not specifically tracking such cases — some reports have been received but the numbers are not high. The core debate: how seriously the government treats deepfake-enabled scams and the transparency of the data.

An MP asked whether MNCs are leaving Changi Business Park due to cost factors and what is causing perceived decline in Singapore's business appeal — and how the government plans to respond. The government replied that Singapore's economy remains highly competitive and continues to attract major investment, while acknowledging some firms are adjusting footprints due to market and working-model changes. It will keep the environment attractive through R&D investment, talent development, and fiscal incentives. The core debate: how to balance cost and innovation to prevent firm relocation.

An MP asked about the number of AI voice-cloning scam cases in Singapore and the government's response. The government replied that case numbers are not high and the police are not specifically tracking such scams, but it has taken measures including terminating communication lines linked to scams and limiting the number of post-paid SIM cards. It stressed the importance of whole-of-society scam prevention and urged the public to strengthen awareness. The core debate: lack of transparency on specific case data and the reality of the technological threat.

An MP asked whether the PDPA includes a right to deletion of personal data and the available recourse. The government replied that the law requires organisations to stop retaining or properly dispose of personal data when no longer needed, with or without consent, and the Personal Data Protection Commission has the power to direct organisations to destroy or stop using such data. The core debate: whether there is an explicit "right to erasure" clause and how it is enforced.

MPs asked about the release timeline of the Shared Responsibility Framework for phishing scams, take-up of Money Lock, and whether banks would be required to participate. The government replied that the framework will be released within 2024, more than 78,000 Money Lock accounts have been opened (mainly users aged 50+), and MAS will not mandate bank participation for now. MPs focused on overseas experience and elderly digital literacy; the government emphasised stronger publicity.

MPs asked MOH about progress and scale-up of hospital-at-home services and whether MediShield Life and MediSave can support home-care claims. They also questioned whether current Activities of Daily Living (ADL) assessment criteria are reasonable, calling for more flexible consideration of patient need. The core debate: whether home-care coverage and subsidy mechanisms are sufficient to support patients and their families.

An MP asked whether MOE requires secondary school teachers to be familiar with emerging career pathways and skills under future economic clusters. MOE replied that teachers can learn from in-school Education and Career Guidance (ECG) counsellors and industry exchange events, with HQ sending quarterly newsletters. Students are encouraged to actively use the MySkillsFuture platform and related organisation resources. The core debate: whether the frequency and depth of teachers' updates on emerging careers are sufficient.

An MP asked about the risks and benefits of widespread facial recognition technology (FRT) adoption in Singapore, the regulatory framework, and public engagement. The government replied that facial images, as biometric data, fall under the PDPA, security uses dominate, and existing guidance and governance frameworks ensure responsible, ethical use. The core debate: balancing technology adoption with privacy protection.

MPs asked how Singapore will drive growth under land, manpower and carbon constraints, focusing on the opportunities and challenges from emerging technologies like generative AI. The government emphasised keeping the country attractive for investment, strengthening manufacturing and services, and lifting infrastructure and talent development, with policy stability to handle global competition and tech change. The core debate: balancing innovation with a solid economic base.

MPs asked how Singapore will strengthen digital infrastructure and talent development in the AI era, stressing that AI brings both opportunity and risk and that humans must remain in control. The government replied that it will keep stepping up investment, drive National AI Strategy 2.0, lift network speeds and compute, and safeguard digital trust. The core debate: balance between tech progress and safety/ethics, and whether investment is sufficient.

MPs stressed that education must adapt to rapid technological change, especially the challenges from generative AI, calling for expanded upskilling courses and support for students' diverse development. The government acknowledged the system's resilience and international performance and committed to building students' adaptability and creativity. The core debate: balancing traditional teaching with cultivation of emerging skills, and broadening the scope of funding use.

An MP asked whether Singapore — the fastest adopter of generative AI in Asia-Pacific — is underestimating the AI-driven job-loss risk, whether the government will assess the scale of AI-induced job displacement, and how to incentivise firms to invest early in upskilling. The government replied that this topic will be addressed in detail at the MCI Committee of Supply debate, without directly answering the specifics — indicating the issue is still at the policy-deliberation stage, with concerns over transparency and response strategy.

MPs asked MINDEF about its tracking of global and regional security trends, focusing on the impact of the Russia-Ukraine war and Middle East conflict on Singapore's security. The government emphasised the volatility of the international order and the challenges from cyber and information warfare, indicating it will keep watching and adjusting defence strategy to handle a complex, shifting security environment. The core debate: balancing budget allocation with response to emerging security threats.

MP Sharael Taha questioned the Budget's focus on long-term sustainability, pointing to a tension between residents' expectations for short-term cash support and concerns about long-term development. DPM Lawrence Wong replied that the international environment is increasingly complex, with the post-Cold War world now more conflict-prone and uncertain. The core debate: how to balance immediate cost-of-living needs with future economic security, and the policy response under new conditions.

The debate focused on the path to economic growth in Singapore's Budget 2024, against a backdrop of global slowdown, high inflation and rising geopolitical uncertainty. The government emphasised structural reform and support for firms and households to navigate challenges, driving long-term sustainability. References to tech innovation, automation, and AI's impact on jobs and industry competitiveness reflected concern over AI governance and industrial development. The core debate: how to balance growth with social protection and respond to rising global protectionism.

The debate centred on Budget 2024, with questions on government transparency, social fairness, and retirement security. The government adopted some opposition proposals, such as a temporary unemployment assistance scheme. The core debate: whether the government is genuinely open to diverse views, and how to narrow the gap between ideals and reality.

An MP asked whether the government has set specific targets for Singapore's global share of compute over the next 5–10 years. The government replied that no such target has been set, emphasising that compute demand is dynamic. MPs followed up on data centre construction and sustainability; the government said it supports building data centres that meet environmental standards and pushes digitalisation to lift jobs and skills. The core debate: whether explicit targets should be set, and how to balance growth with environmental protection.

MPs asked about the impact of global economic uncertainty and geopolitical risk on Singapore's economy. The government replied that 2023 growth was modest but avoided recession; the 2024 outlook is cautiously optimistic, with rising global conflict bringing challenges. The core debate: balancing growth with geopolitical risk, and the government's fiscal-policy response.

An MP asked about the government's regulation and prevention measures against deepfake software used in scams. The government replied that the Online Criminal Harms Act (OCHA) authorises action on online platforms, and it is pushing technology R&D and industry collaboration while strengthening public education to improve detection and response. The core debate: how to effectively curb deepfake abuse and protect online safety and public interest.

An MP asked how the government helps the public understand AI and its capabilities to combat cybercrime and deepfake content. The government cited cross-agency cybersecurity work, the OCHA's powers over platforms, R&D on deepfake detection, and multiple public education campaigns. The core debate: how to effectively combine technology and education to lift public awareness and capability.

MPs raised a trust crisis and cybersecurity challenges in the digitalisation drive, stressing growing online harms like scams. The government cited Singapore's digital-economy progress and forward-looking infrastructure, committing to a whole-of-nation approach to digital risk. The core debate: balancing digitalisation with public safety and trust.

MPs raised digitalisation's impact on the workforce, AI's effects, and mental-health issues. The government emphasised AI opportunities, ran upskilling programmes to support transition, and focused on digital inclusion and mental health. The core debate: AI's impact on employment and society and the response strategy.

MPs asked MOE how it will develop baseline AI literacy for students beyond the AI tools on Singapore Student Learning Space, including plans for AI coding programmes and who would deliver them. The Education Minister replied that MOE drives student understanding of AI and its ethics through curriculum integration, teacher training, and out-of-school programmes like the AI Student Outreach Programme, with cyber wellness education to guard against AI risks. The core debate: how to effectively lift student AI skills and expand programme participation.

MPs asked which job categories face the highest displacement risk from AI, the projected numbers for each, and what expanded reskilling programmes are available. The government replied that AI's impact is not fully predictable; it runs Industry Transformation Maps, SkillsFuture and similar programmes to support upskilling and career conversion, and encourages transition into AI roles — reflecting an active stance on AI challenges. The core debate: AI's specific employment impact and the effectiveness of reskilling.

MPs asked how the government will balance the compute growth required by NAIS 2.0 with energy sustainability goals. The government replied that it lifts data centre efficiency, promotes liquid cooling, sets green standards, and supports green compute methods to keep AI infrastructure environmentally sustainable. The core debate: reconciling AI development needs with climate commitments.

An MP asked what proportion of students have gone through the Code for Fun (CFF) programme since 2019, how digital literacy is ensured for students who didn't take it, and how the curriculum will be updated to develop AI talent. The government replied that since 2020 CFF is mandatory at upper primary, around two-thirds of secondary schools offer it, and over 50,000 students are covered each year. From 2025, AI and data literacy will be added, supported by both formal curriculum and co-curricular activities. The core debate: how to ensure digital fundamentals for non-participants and keep the curriculum updated.

An MP asked, regarding a data breach at a Singapore luxury resort operator's loyalty programme, when the incident was reported and why notification was delayed. The Communications and Information Minister replied that the incident was reported to the regulator within the required timeframe, with delayed user notification due to prioritising containment, impact assessment and confirming notification requirements. The regulator is investigating whether the breach caused significant harm and whether notification was timely.

An MP asked about the government's policy on safe, responsible AI development in Singapore and the next steps in governance. The government replied that it has explained its approach multiple times, supports international cooperation and standards alignment, encourages firms to participate in AI ethics certification, and deepens AI governance collaboration through bilateral and multilateral mechanisms. The core debate: balancing tech progress with ethics/safety and the concrete implementation of international cooperation.

An MP asked whether the government has a whole-of-government plan to develop indigenous foundation-model capability, including a national research institute. The government replied that Singapore's AI research is strong, but full reliance on indigenous capability is not the priority — it leans toward rapidly adopting international frontier technology. The core debate: whether to build foundation models in-house and the related long-term risks.

An MP asked how the Singapore Police Force is using AI in enforcement, whether outcomes have improved, and the future direction. The government replied that AI is already used to combat child sexual abuse material and identify scam content, lifting investigation efficiency, and it will continue partnering with relevant agencies to push AI use in policing. The core debate: the actual effectiveness and future potential of AI.

The question focused on AI in financial trading platforms — risks of "herding" effects and conflicts of interest. The government replied that MAS uses technology-neutral regulation, applies FEAT principles for fairness and transparency, and views current AI use as still early-stage with relatively low risk — but will continue monitoring and collaborate with industry on responsible AI use.

MPs asked whether the government is studying the feasibility of an AI regulator and the state of international cooperation. The government emphasised a practical, risk-based governance approach, opposed one-size-fits-all regulation, cited existing IMDA and PDPC AI governance initiatives, and stressed the importance of international cooperation. The core debate: whether to establish a dedicated AI regulator and how to balance innovation with risk management.

The debate focused on continuing support for healthcare beyond the pandemic, with particular emphasis on mental health in academia. MPs noted that academic pressure drives high rates of anxiety and depression among researchers and graduate students, calling for attention to mental health. The government did not respond directly. The core debate: balancing academic performance pressure with mental-health protection.

Dr Tan Yia Swam (NMP) called for sustainable post-pandemic support of the healthcare system, emphasising the complexity of doctor-patient relationships and limited healthcare resources. She urged a whole-of-government approach addressing healthcare expenditure, chronic-disease management, and care quality. The debate focused on the balance between healthcare costs, patient rights, and doctor responsibilities — reflecting concern over the system's long-term development.

The question focused on how to advance ethical AI consistent with human values and maintain standards. The government cited Singapore's existing AI governance framework, self-assessment tools, and personal-data use guidance, emphasising accountability and data security. MPs focused on responsibility allocation and AI labelling. The core debate: how to operationalise accountability and transparency.

An MP asked how the Public Service plans to use new AI technologies such as ChatGPT in e-government services and whether they will replace existing chatbots. The government replied that AI is already used in multiple digital services and that new technology can lift quality and efficiency, but accuracy and reliability must come first; usage guidance will be developed to safeguard accountability and data security. The core debate: balancing safety with usefulness in deployment.

The question centred on the concept of "indivisible security" and its invocation in the Russia-Ukraine war. The government emphasised that sovereignty, self-determination, and territorial integrity are foundational principles of international law, and that Russia's invocation of indivisible security to justify invading Ukraine is not recognised. The core debate: whether indivisible security is itself a principle of international law — the government clearly rejected its legal status, noting the concept has been cited by both Russia and the US but has no legal force.

The question concerned disputes where unauthorised bank transactions occurred despite the customer not receiving SMS OTPs. The government replied that such cases are very rare, with no police reports and only a small number filed at the Financial Industry Disputes Resolution Centre. Customers should contact their bank and the police promptly; banks must handle disputes fairly and may offer goodwill compensation, while customers can pursue mediation or legal channels. MPs focused on the review mechanism when bank and telco records conflict, and preparation for future scams.

The question focused on the credibility of AI-based diagnostic solutions and the regulatory considerations for wider adoption. The government noted AI is already widely used in Singapore healthcare, with safety, clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness as preconditions for adoption. It outlined the existing regulatory framework, upcoming governance guidance, and ethical considerations. The core debate: balancing tech innovation with safety oversight.

MPs focused on whether Singapore is studying EU and China AI regulatory frameworks, the priority areas, and the legislative timeline. The government cited the existing Model AI Governance Framework and the AI Verify tool, emphasised ongoing review of regulatory strategy, and planned guidance on personal data protection. MPs followed up on specific risks like AI-enabled scams; the government noted AI is a group of technologies and emphasised the need to differentiate among them, reflecting a cautious approach to regulation.

MPs raised the impact of an ageing workforce and demographic shifts on Singapore's economy, noting that some sectors have a high share of older workers and may face rapid future labour outflow. They emphasised challenges from tech change and shifting work attitudes, urging attention to flexible work arrangements. The government did not respond directly. The core debate: how to manage employment-structure adjustment from ageing and technological change.

MPs asked how Singapore balances data use with user protection in the digital economy, focusing on online-safety legislation progress and regulation of emerging areas like the metaverse. They stressed that rules must protect users without stifling innovation, especially SME digitalisation. The government's response is not yet detailed in the excerpt. The core debate: balancing the digital economy with cybersecurity.

MPs raised the education budget and career-guidance support, emphasising educators' contributions during the pandemic and the importance of future skills development. They proposed stronger career counselling for youth and working adults and broader use of SkillsFuture Credit for lifelong learning. The government has not yet responded in this excerpt. The core debate: how to better support youth career development and skills matching.

MPs asked MINDEF for its assessment of the global and regional security situation, focusing on US-China strategic competition, the Russia-Ukraine war, and North Korean missile tests. The government acknowledged concerns over the erosion of multilateralism and increasingly complex regional security, stressing Singapore must strengthen defence readiness for uncertainty. The core debate: balancing defence investment with regional diplomatic strategy to safeguard national security and stability.

An MP asked how MOE will manage the use of AI tools like ChatGPT in schools. The government replied that AI tools bring both opportunities and challenges, and emphasised teacher guidance, digital literacy education, and diversified assessment to prevent misuse, while cultivating student integrity and responsibility. The core debate: balancing AI-assisted learning with preventing academic misconduct.

MPs asked about ChatGPT and similar AI's impact on student coursework and exams, cheating concerns, and the educational response. The Education Minister replied that AI brings opportunities and challenges, MOE provides teacher guidance and resources, and supports reasonable AI use while emphasising mastery of fundamentals — preventing over-reliance and cheating. The core debate: balancing AI-assisted learning with prevention of academic misconduct.

The question focused on AI's impact (e.g. ChatGPT) on the integrity of online exams and assignments. The government replied that the technology brings both opportunities and challenges; schools and IHLs use clear rules, invigilation measures, and diversified assessment to deter misconduct, alongside continuous student education on integrity, and will adjust strategy as AI evolves. The core debate: balancing AI-assisted learning with cheating prevention.

The question asked whether Malaysia's intended legal action at the ICJ would affect Singapore's reclamation works around Pedra Branca. The Foreign Minister replied that the 2008 ICJ judgment is final, the time limit has passed, and Singapore has not received specific case details from Malaysia. Singapore stands ready to handle any legal action; all development is law-compliant. The core debate: sovereignty and the time limits of legal procedure.

The question asked whether a minimum age for social media should be set and what overseas age-verification experience could inform Singapore. The government replied that most major platforms require users to be 13+, with AI used to detect minor accounts, but accurate age verification is technically difficult and raises child-data-protection issues. The government will roll out a Code of Practice on Online Safety to strengthen protection for young users while encouraging active parental guidance. The core debate: feasibility of age-verification technology and balance with data privacy.

MPs asked how the government balances investment in digital infrastructure and tech innovation (6G, Web 4.0) with digital inclusion of vulnerable groups to prevent a widening digital divide. They focused on the timeliness and proportionality of digital regulation, especially in emerging areas like crypto and the metaverse. The government must balance economic vitality with social cohesion, making sure the whole population stays included and safe.

MPs asked MINDEF about progress on updating the medical classification system, focusing on how to make operational-fitness assessment and job matching more thorough. The government replied that the system aims to lift HR efficiency by combining servicemen's skills with their professional background. The core debate: how to make assessment thorough and ensure skills are properly matched in deployment.

MPs raised the defence budget, stressing that the Russia-Ukraine war underlines the importance of small-state self-defence and the threat of information warfare. The debate focused on geopolitical tension, tech competition, and the security impact of cyber and information warfare. The government emphasised strengthening self-defence and tech defence capabilities. The core debate: balancing the budget with response to emerging security threats.

An MP asked how Singapore's low fertility rate affects SAF strength. The Defence Minister replied that MINDEF has long built manpower needs into strategic planning and uses technology to lift force effectiveness — automated radar, unmanned vessels, AI applications — continuously optimising HR so that defence capability is not weakened by smaller cohorts.

An MP asked MCI about its initiatives to grow the AI scene and its deployment in Singapore. The government cited the National AI Strategy and the five National AI Projects, stressing industry-academia-research collaboration, funding, and talent development to drive AI innovation and adoption while prioritising governance and international cooperation. The core debate: balancing tech development with ethics oversight to keep AI safe and trustworthy.

Questions focused on progress of the adaptive learning initiative in schools, pilot arrangements, and infrastructure development. The Education Minister replied that the initiative is part of the National AI Strategy, emphasised teachers' central role, and said the 2022 pilot will start with mathematics in selected schools and later expand to more subjects and grades. The system will be integrated into Singapore Student Learning Space for easy access and resource integration. The core debate: balancing technology with teachers' role, and how pilot effectiveness shapes scale-up.

MPs asked how the government will develop digital leadership talent and push women into tech, proposing a mentorship programme and raising concerns about gender imbalance. The government has launched multiple talent programmes but specific measures for digital leadership and female participation are not yet clear. The core debate: how to effectively attract and retain top tech talent and close the gender gap.

MPs asked whether TraceTogether data would be used in criminal investigations and what legal safeguards apply. The government replied that the police can obtain such data under the Criminal Procedure Code, with strict access controls and penalties to protect data security. The debate centred on whether the data should be restricted to pandemic use, and whether use in criminal investigations would erode public trust and uptake.

An MP asked whether 2020 CPF contribution records could replace 2018 income and other criteria for GST Voucher eligibility, especially for low-income self-employed people. The government replied that GST Voucher eligibility uses a comprehensive Assessable Income (AI) measure; CPF records only reflect part of income. Flexible appeal mechanisms and pandemic-specific support are in place to keep assistance targeted. The core debate: whether eligibility criteria should be adjusted to reflect the pandemic's impact. (Note: "AI" here refers to Assessable Income, not artificial intelligence.)

MPs asked about civil-service training in procurement processes and IT control gaps, focusing on whether refresher training and systemic issues exist. The government acknowledged the AGO's findings on IT control weaknesses, explaining that the government IT estate is complex and decentralised, manual privilege adjustments are error-prone, and the Smart Nation and Digital Government Group is driving automation, gradually deploying new tools to reduce errors.

An MP asked whether the government is considering binding regulations on locally deployed AI systems to ensure ethical and safe use. The government replied that AI is still nascent and there are no immediate legislative plans, but multiple initiatives are in place to promote safe and ethical use — the Model AI Governance Framework, the ethics advisory council, and related research — and it will keep tracking global developments to balance regulation with innovation.

MPs raised data-sharing, privacy protection, design-thinking innovation, and AI ethics frameworks in the digital transformation, focusing on Singapore's challenges with limited data scale and SME digitalisation capability. The government addressed digital trade agreements, data privacy principles, and innovation-driving measures, emphasising the development of an AI ethics framework. The core debate: balancing data sharing with privacy protection and lifting local-firm digital capability.

MPs raised the defence budget and response to emerging threats, emphasising security challenges from great-power competition and regional instability. The government replied that Singapore must use tech innovation and equipment upgrades (e.g. the F-35 fighter) to address smaller manpower and limited training space. The core debate: balancing limited resources with evolving security threats.

MPs asked whether government support for firms going international is adequate, particularly in emerging and frontier markets. They stressed the pandemic underscores the importance of market diversification and focused on how government economic agencies and business chambers help firms navigate a complex international environment. The core debate: the strength of government support and the effectiveness of market-diversification strategy.

MPs asked about the government's considerations and safeguards when disclosing personal data while addressing public complaints. The government replied that disclosure is to correct inaccuracies and protect public trust, is limited to what is necessary, and that privacy is preserved; multiple service channels protect grievances. The core debate: how to balance information disclosure with personal privacy.

An MP asked about the progress of the Advisory Council on the Ethical Use of AI and Data, formed in 2018. The government replied that the council has driven the development and rollout of Singapore's AI governance framework, encouraging responsible AI and data use by organisations and lifting public trust. The core debate: how to ensure that commercial use of data without informed consent meets ethical standards.

MPs questioned whether the Tech@SG programme — which helps tech firms hire foreign talent — should continue under current economic conditions. The government stressed global competition for scarce tech talent and the need to accelerate local tech talent development while expanding the talent pool through training and education to keep Singapore competitive globally. The core debate: balancing the inflow of foreign talent with prioritising local talent development.

An MP asked whether public agencies are exempt from the PDPA and what their accountability is for data breaches. The government replied that public agencies are bound by the Public Sector (Governance) Act and Instruction Manual 8, with criminal penalties and internal disciplinary action, and that breaches are prevented through technical and management measures. The core debate: the legal basis of public-agency data-protection responsibility and the strength of enforcement.

MPs asked about the PDPC's investigation role in the blood-donor data leak and whether public agencies should be subject to the PDPA. The government replied that PDPC is investigating the private IT vendor involved, and public agencies are governed by other regulations with data-protection standards no lower than the PDPA. The core debate: whether public agencies should be exempt from PDPA oversight and the accountability mechanisms.

MPs raised challenges for Singapore firms — especially SMEs — in digital transformation, focusing on helping them overcome funding, technology, and talent adaptation issues. The government emphasised the importance of the digital economy for lifting productivity and responding to population ageing, supporting firm innovation and capability-building. The core debate: practical SME digitalisation difficulties and the effectiveness of government support.

MPs raised the defence budget and security deployment. The government emphasised Singapore's stepped-up security at major international events, large troop deployments, and regional counter-terrorism cooperation. The core debate: the reasonableness of defence spending and capability to address emerging security threats.

MPs raised the geopolitical and security threats facing the SAF, including great-power competition, regional tension, and terrorism. They discussed challenges from smaller cohorts and limited training space and stressed reliance on automation and advanced equipment to lift defence capability. The government focused on adopting technology to address new threats. The core debate: balancing traditional training with future tech investment.

Questions focused on how the Public Service can use AI and data analytics to lift efficiency, integrate services, and meet citizen needs. MPs emphasised that technology should be citizen-centred and avoid mechanical enforcement, with the government pushing high-tech, high-touch, and high-adaptability transformation in the public sector to lift productivity and service quality.

MPs asked whether the Malaysian government had asserted sovereignty within Singapore territorial waters and how Singapore vessels are protected from foreign jurisdiction. The Foreign Minister replied that the incident took place inside Singapore waters with police present and records taken, Malaysia did not detain the vessel within Singapore waters, and that no foreign government will be permitted to assert authority in Singapore waters. The core debate: whether a foreign government has the right to enforce in Singapore waters and Singapore's response.

MPs asked about specific preventive measures following the HIV data leak affecting 14,200 patients — data access permissions, leak tracking, psychological protection of victims, and addressing social discrimination. The government must respond on how to prevent further spread, protect patient rights, and maintain public trust in HIV testing. The core debate: data-security gaps, transparency, and social discrimination.

MPs asked whether the PDPA should be amended to remove the exemption for public agencies in light of data-leak risks. The government replied that the public sector already has multiple legal and policy safeguards, stressing that public-sector data management differs from the private sector, adopts a different legal regime, and the rules will be kept under review. The core debate: whether public-agency data protection should be brought under unified PDPA oversight.

MPs asked about digital-economy development and public-sector digital transformation. The government cited concrete examples of digitalisation lifting daily convenience and firm efficiency, emphasising the importance of the digital economy and digital literacy. The debate focused on how tech innovation drives economic development and social inclusion — relatively low controversy, with more policy framing and outcome showcasing.

MPs asked how the government will drive the digital economy, focusing on the Infocomm Media (ICM) industry's digital transformation, internationalisation, and innovation. The government outlined digitalisation plans for logistics, retail and other sectors plus SME support measures, and emphasised using deep-tech areas like AI and fintech to grow the ICM industry. The core debate: how to more effectively help local firms internationalise and lift competitiveness.

MPs raised the defence budget, emphasising the importance of defence self-reliance and the diversified threats facing Singapore — terrorism, nuclear risk, and cybersecurity. The government replied that continuous investment in defence capability and international defence alliances is needed to address a complex and evolving security environment. The core debate: balancing limited resources with growing security needs.

An MP asked about entrepreneurship trends among young Singaporeans and the success rate of startups. The government replied that the share of young local entrepreneurs is rising, entrepreneurial intent is stronger, the startup scene is steadily growing, and Singapore performs well in international rankings. The core debate: how to define startup success and how Singapore compares with other countries.

MPs asked whether new legislation will be promulgated or existing laws reviewed to cover ethics, morality, kill switches, and liability with the rise of AI and autonomous machines. The government emphasised a domain-specific regulatory approach, citing safety testing and insurance requirements for autonomous vehicles in transport, and algorithmic oversight in finance. It also noted plans to lift relevant technical capability to drive Smart Nation. The core debate: how to balance tech development with risk management for public interest and safety.

MPs asked about teachers' time on marking and administrative work and measures to reduce the load. The government emphasised the importance of marking, outlining teaching guidance and team-based marking, with technology used to auto-mark MCQ and digital quizzes; it will continue pushing tech use and process simplification. The core debate: balancing teachers' professional responsibilities with reducing workload.

MPs asked MINDEF about the major current security threats — regional great-power conflict, North Korean nuclear tests, terrorism, and cyberattacks. The government emphasised the diversity of threats and prioritising cybersecurity, calling for stronger defensive capability. The core debate: balancing resource allocation and response strategy across traditional and non-traditional security threats.

MPs raised the defence budget, emphasising a complex, evolving national security environment including terrorism, South China Sea disputes, North Korea's nuclear threat, and piracy. The government cited SAF's build-up achievements and the need to address diversified security threats. The core debate: balancing limited resources with multi-front defence demands.

An MP asked about the type, distribution, hierarchy levels, and skills requirements of the 15,000 new tech and IT jobs announced. The government replied that the roles span multiple industries — mainly professional and technical positions — with diverse skill needs including programming, cybersecurity, and data analytics. The government emphasised continued tech-job demand growth, aligned with the Smart Nation strategy. The core debate: job quality and skills matching; the government committed to follow-up manpower development plans.

MPs raised the question of graduate employment matching for Singapore universities, citing high graduate unemployment in South Korea and China and worrying about youth unemployment risk in Singapore. They emphasised education should focus on practical skills and called for SkillsFuture to drive lifelong learning and lift employability. The government's response focused on investing in citizen skills to prepare for future employment. The core debate: education-labour market match and prevention of youth unemployment.

MPs asked MINDEF about the SAF50 commemorative events and the history of National Service, stressing that NS needs identification with what is being defended. The government described SAF volunteer recruitment, emphasised the importance of NS, and drew lessons from history. The core debate: identification with NS and its evolution.