MDDI 演講稿 · 2023-06-07
楊莉明部長在亞洲科技 x 人工智慧大會上的演講
要點
- • Josephine 用「AI 與電力」做類比：電本身不直接給我們好處——是「驅動器械」時才出現便利與生產力。AI 給的是另一種「電」——以遠低成本的「類人智慧」。
- • 新加坡公共部門已有 AI 用例：自 2015 年用 ML 處理市民反饋；用 AI 檢測貨櫃異常（去年近 1000 萬集裝箱 + 5000 萬航空件）；釣魚偵測工具每天掃 12 萬個網站。
- • 更大挑戰的應用：醫療（2030 年新加坡 1/4 人口將 65 歲+，AI 助力診斷與精準醫療，10 萬新加坡人 DNA 測序）、可持續（建築佔全球能耗 40%）、教育（讓老師從批改作業等中解放，給弱勢學生定製化學習計劃）。
- • AI 治理：開源 AI Verify、設立 AI Verify Foundation——成員含 IBM、Google、微軟、Red Hat、Salesforce、Aicadium；今天 IMDA 與 Aicadium 聯合釋出生成式 AI 關切的討論論文。
完整譯文（繁體中文）
MDDI 英文原文譯文 · 翻譯日期: 2026-05-03
本文已從早期版本的網站遷移過來——格式可能有不一致之處。
各位閣下、
產業夥伴、
朋友們：
早安。
對 AI 的興奮
自我們去年見面以來——AI 已經取得顯著突破。如果一年前問人們「ChatGPT 是什麼」——他們可能猜成一款約會 App！生成式 AI 與它的潛能——乘以變化的規模與速度——令人驚歎。
上個月——我在舊金山參觀了 Alamo Square 的「Hacker House」——那個區域如今被稱為「Cerebral Valley」（大腦谷）——反映 AI 活動的密度。那裡有初創創辦人、研究者與投資者。週五發表的學術論文——週末就被做出原型。
讓我高興的是——灣區也有滿懷熱情的新加坡人——他們身處這場科技革命的最前線。每個人都被生成式 AI 的變革潛能喚醒——所幸——並非所有人都在追炒作。
深思的領導者——仍在探索替代性的 AI 架構與方法。他們也提醒我——AI 的危險。
這一切對新加坡意味著什麼？我們從這裡去往哪裡？在與非科技社群的討論中——我發現把「AI 與電」做類比有用。電本身給我們的好處不大——但當用來驅動器械與裝置時——我們就獲得便利、生產力與能力。
AI 交付的——是另一種「力」——類人智慧的力——可能是非常高階的——而成本大幅降低。這對人力資本「事關重大」的新加坡——尤其有價值。
正如副總理王瑞傑昨晚所說——若我們能把這種力駕馭為「Augmented Intelligence」（增強智慧）——支援人而不是替代人——我們的公民將大受其惠。但與此同時——就像不當使用器械會觸電——不當使用 AI 也可能造成巨大傷害。
因此——「護欄」是必要的——指引人們負責任地使用——並讓 AI 產品「設計上對所有人都安全」。
新加坡為「AI 服務公共利益」所做的努力
這就是為什麼——在新加坡——我們相信必須竭盡所能——把 AI 用在「公共利益」上。所幸——我們不是從零開始。我們公共部門裡的創新者——已經在構建 AI 產品——以改善治理與服務交付。
請允許我分享幾個例子——
自 2015 年——我們用機器學習處理市民關於「鄰里所需修繕」的反饋——比如有人看到遊樂場壞了的鞦韆、壞了的路燈。市民因此能更快得到「合適的人」給出的回應。
去年——近 1000 萬個集裝箱與貨櫃跨過我們國境。另有 5000 萬件航空貨物。我們需要清關既快又安全。
用 AI 檢測貨櫃掃描影像中的異常——這「雙重目標」更易達成。
更近一些——我們也開始用「AI 加持」的影像與文本對比——偵測詐騙。我們的釣魚偵測工具——每日掃 12 萬個網站——下架用於欺詐的仿冒站點。
若沒有 AI 這件「武器」——執法人員幾乎無法把精力聚焦在「詐騙預防」與「為受害者追回資產」上。
這只是幾個「AI 服務公共利益」的明顯用法。
應對當代挑戰的其他用例
AI 也能幫助應對當代更大的挑戰。
到 2030 年——新加坡每 4 人中將有 1 人超過 65 歲。對一個老齡化、慢性病負擔上升的人口——AI 是新加坡改進臨床診斷與患者福祉的關鍵工具。它也能為家庭與醫院降低成本。畢竟——我們花在住院上的費用——一半發生在生命的最後 3 個月。
還不止。在癌症預防性照護中——我們的 AI 平臺已經能基於患者狀況資料——開出最優藥物劑量。我們正在為 10 萬名新加坡人測繪 DNA、做全基因組測序。AI 能用來更好地理解「基因—臨床資料」的關聯——以推行精準醫療。
另一項重大挑戰是可持續。新加坡承諾到本世紀中葉達成淨零。新加坡也是「花園中的城市」。但跟所有城市一樣——建築是問題。全球而言——建築佔能耗的 40%。
AI 能在多方面提升能效——從建築設計與模擬，到能源監測與最佳化。在更廣層面——已有 AI 方案與應用——能即時平衡電力供需——最佳化能源負載部署與儲能。當然——諷刺的是——AI 自己也必須變得更節能——這是我們的集體挑戰！
在醫療與可持續之外——我們看到 AI 在教育領域的機會。如果老師能從批改作業、管理學生記錄中解放——會怎樣？給來自弱勢背景的孩子——個性化學習計劃與輔導支援——又會怎樣？想象一下——這能如何緩和不平等——把下一代的所有人都拉起來！
增強新加坡 AI 生態
這些機會——是新加坡向所有人發出號召——讓大家「為公共利益借力 AI」的原因。請允許我分享一些「我們如何前進」的想法。
第一——我們相信——政府能在「廣泛的 AI 實驗、採用與規模化」上領跑。甚至可以說——政府獨特地佔據著——既能審視問題規模、又擁有讓這種實驗產生影響的資源。
第二——我們相信——AI 熟練度可以通過「深度技能發展 + 自下而上的學習」組合來構建。這些是重要的根基——好比為「百花齊放」豐沃土壤。
第三——我們相信——為公共利益負責任地部署 AI。我們鼓勵實驗與採用——但我們也將努力——把社會從最嚴重的 AI 風險中保護出來。
要在我提到的所有方面取得進展——政府無法獨自完成。私營部門與研究生態有豐富的專長——他們能夠也必須被鼓勵——有意義地參與「為公共利益推進 AI」。
生態中的創新與機會
這件事正在發生。在這裡的公司——正在積極發揮作用——成長我們的生態。SAP、CISCO、Sea、Grab 已在新加坡紮根 AI 實驗室——創造了數千個優質崗位——並讓新加坡人在各自領域成為科技領導者。
甚至有這樣一項合作——新加坡國家級 AI 專案「AI Singapore」與「世界自然基金會新加坡」（WWF Singapore）合作——用 AI 加持的工具——對抗非法野生動物貿易。
全面提升熟練度
一個挑戰是——人才的廣度與深度跟不上需求。我們將繼續擴大培訓容量。但即便培訓課程在更新——也可能很快過時。
因此——AI 的技能習得「不必非通過正規教育」——這是一個加分項。事實上——許多人通過自主實驗與「做中學」獲得了成功。
因此——我們鼓勵僱主——以更寬的視野識別人才。在 AI 上——年齡與學歷都不是障礙。如果我們擁抱這一點——我們就更接近把 AI 實現為「Augmented Intelligence」（增強智慧）——拓寬通往成功路徑的 AI——一定會更具包容、並是「為善之力」。
新加坡的 AI 治理路線圖
現在我談一談「負責任 AI 使用」的話題。對 AI 安全的強烈渴望——並不意味著「關上創新與採用的吊橋」。正如交通運輸領域——剎車、限速、安全帶、安全氣囊——能在道路使用者中培育信心。
在 AI 領域——安全機制與共享標準——同樣會培育對 AI 使用的信心。但有效的安全防護——需要時間與好的研究去發現。
與此同時——我們已開發了多個框架——以推動問責與信任。你們當中可能有人記得——新加坡 2019 年釋出了《Model AI Governance Framework》——它當時並仍是亞洲首個。
去年——我們引入了 AI Verify——一個治理測試框架與工具包。這個「最小可行產品」（MVP）至今已吸引 50 多家公司的興趣。你們可以參觀由 IBM、UBS、新加坡航空（Singapore Airlines）等公司參與的展示。
通過夥伴關係強化 AI 治理、推動安全與負責任使用
為了支援「AI 服務公共利益」——新加坡決定把 AI Verify 開源——並啟動「AI Verify Foundation」。我們相信——系統開發者、方案提供者、研究社群——都能使用 AI Verify、併為它做貢獻。「眾包」他們的專長——也將促進新的、更好的測試工具的成長。
「AI Verify Foundation」將設定 AI Verify 的戰略方向與發展路線圖。現有成員——包括 IBM、Google、微軟、Red Hat、Salesforce 與 Aicadium。他們將作為我們的「大使」——把社群聚到一起——開發更好的框架、標準與最佳實踐。我們也歡迎更多有興趣的夥伴加入。
我們還將增強我們的治理工具集。今天——IMDA 與 Aicadium 聯合釋出一份討論論文——突出生成式 AI 中的關鍵關切。我們希望它能激發許多對話——並構建對所需護欄的認知。
第四部分：構建一個 AI 就緒的新加坡
總結——我們相信——AI 是自網際網路與移動以來的下一個「大轉移」。在圍繞 AI 發展非常真實的恐懼與關切之中——我們必須主動把 AI 引向有益的用法、遠離不良的用法。這是新加坡看待 AI 的核心。
這樣做——我們希望讓新加坡成為「人才、想法、實驗」的一個出色地點。我們也希望成為一個全球網路中的有活力節點——在這個網路中——力量被引向「可信的 AI 系統與負責任使用」。在那裡——「AI 服務公共利益」會真正鮮活起來。
致今天在場的每一位——我們的故事才剛開始——我們邀請你成為其中一員！
謝謝！
演講 PDF 版本
英文原文
MDDI 官網原始記錄 · 抓取日期: 2026-05-02
This article has been migrated from an earlier version of the site and may display formatting inconsistencies.
Excellencies,
Industry Partners,
Friends.
A very good morning to you
Excitement about AI
Since last year when we met, there have been significant breakthroughs in AI. If asked a year ago what ChatGPT was, people may have guessed it was a dating app! Generative AI and its potential, multiplied by the scale and speed of change, have been nothing short of stunning.
Last month, in San Francisco, I visited a Hacker House at Alamo Square. This area is now referred to as “Cerebral Valley”, reflecting the concentration of AI activity. There were startup founders, along with researchers and investors. Academic papers published on a Friday were being prototyped over the weekend.
Happily for me, there were also passionate Singaporeans in the Bay Area, who are themselves at the forefront of this tech revolution. Everyone has come alive to the transformative potential of generative AI. Thankfully, not all were chasing the hype.
Thoughtful leaders are still exploring alternative AI architectures and approaches. They cautioned me about AI’s dangers.
What does all of this mean for Singapore and where do we go from here? In discussions with non-tech communities, I have found it useful to draw the comparison of AI and electricity . Electricity itself brings us little benefit. But when used to power appliances and equipment, we get so much more in convenience, productivity and capabilities.
What AI delivers is a different kind of power. It is the power of human-like intelligence, potentially a very high form of it, at far reduced cost. This is especially valuable for Singapore where human capital makes all the difference.
If as Deputy Prime Minister Heng Swee Keat put it last night, we can harness this power to make it “Augmented Intelligence”, to support rather than replace people, our citizens will have a lot to gain. At the same time, just as the improper use of appliances and equipment can cause electrocution, inappropriate use of AI can also do great harm.
Guardrails are therefore necessary to guide people to use it responsibly, and for AI products to be “safe for all of us” by design.
Singapore’s Efforts in Establishing AI for Public Good
This is why in Singapore, we believe we must do all we can to harness AI for the Public Good. Fortunately, we are not starting from scratch. Innovators in our public service are already building AI products to improve governance and service delivery.
Allow me to share a few examples:
Since 2015, we have used machine learning to process citizen feedback on repairs needed in their neighbourhoods, such as when someone sees a broken swing at the playground, or a lamppost that’s not working. Citizens benefit from faster responses, by the right people.
Last year, close to 10 million containers and consignments crossed our shores. Another 50 million parcels came through air shipment. We need cargo clearance to be fast but also safe.
These twin objects are better achieved by the use of AI to detect anomalies in scanned images of these shipments.
More recently, we have started using AI-enabled image and text comparisons to detect scams. Our phishing detection tool combs through 120,000 websites daily to take down spoof sites used for fraudulent purposes.
Without such AI in its arsenal, law enforcement agents will hardly have the capacity to focus on scam prevention or to recover the assets of victims.
These are a few of the obvious uses of AI for the Public Good.
Other use cases to tackle challenges of our time
AI can also help address the bigger challenges of our time.
By 2030, 1 in 4 Singaporeans are expected to be over 65 years old. For an ageing population with growing chronic disease burden, AI will be a vital tool for Singapore to improve clinical diagnosis and patient well-being. It can also reduce costs for families as well as hospitals. Afterall, half of what we spend on hospitalisation is incurred in the last three months of our lives.
There’s more. In cancer preventive care, our AI platform can already prescribe the optimal drug doses based on data about a patient’s condition. We are mapping the DNA of 100,000 Singaporeans and sequencing whole genomes. AI can be used to better understand genomic-clinical data linkages, for the practice of precision medicine.
Another big challenge is sustainability. Singapore has committed to becoming net-zero by the mid-century. Singapore is also a city in a garden. But as with all cities, buildings are an issue. Globally, they contribute 40% to energy consumption.
There are many ways AI can improve their energy efficiency, from building design and simulation to energy monitoring and optimisation. At the broader level, there are already AI solutions and applications that balance electricity supply and demand in real time. This can optimise energy load deployment and storage. The irony of course, is that AI itself must become more energy efficient. This is a collective challenge for us all!
Beyond healthcare and sustainability, we see opportunities for AI in education. What if teachers’ time can be freed up from tasks like grading assignments and managing student records? How about individualised learning plans and tutoring support for children from disadvantaged backgrounds? Imagine how this can moderate inequality and uplift everyone in our next generation!
Enhancing Singapore’s AI ecosystem
These opportunities are why Singapore is making a rallying call for all of us to harness AI for the Public Good. Allow me to share some thoughts about how we may proceed.
First, we believe the government can lead the way in widespread AI experimentation and adoption, as well as scaling. One could even argue that the government is uniquely positioned to have oversight on both the scale of the problems, and the resources to make such experimentation impactful.
Second, we believe AI proficiency can be built through a combination of deep skills development as well as ground-up learning. These are important foundations, akin to enriching the soil conditions for a thousand flowers to bloom.
Third, we believe in responsible AI deployment for Public Good. We will encourage experimentation and adoption. But we will also strive to shield society from the most serious AI risks.
To make progress on all that I have just mentioned, the government cannot do it alone. The private sector and the research ecosystem have rich expertise. They can and must be encouraged to participate meaningfully to advance AI for the Public Good.
Innovations and opportunities within the ecosystem
This is already happening. Companies here are playing an active role in growing our ecosystem. SAP, CISCO, Sea and Grab have anchored AI labs in Singapore. They have created thousands of good jobs and enabled Singaporeans to be tech leaders in their fields.
There is even a partnership between AI Singapore, our national AI programme, and the World Wide Fund for Nature Singapore, to use AI-enabled tools to combat illegal wildlife trade.
Uplifting proficiencies across the board
One challenge is that the breadth and depth of talent cannot keep up with demand. We will continue to grow our training capacity. But even as training curriculum is updated, it risks becoming outdated all too soon.
It is a plus therefore that the skills acquisition in AI does not always need to come through formal education. In fact, many people have succeeded through independent experimentation and learning-by-doing.
We therefore encourage employers to take this wider aperture for spotting talent. With AI, neither age nor academic qualifications are barriers. If we embrace this, we come closer to realising AI as “Augmented Intelligence”. AI that broadens the pathways for success must surely be more inclusive and a force for good.
Singapore’s AI Governance Roadmap
Let me now turn to the topic of responsible AI use. A strong desire for AI safety need not mean pulling the drawbridge to innovation and adoption. As we have seen in transportation, brakes, speed limits, seatbelts and airbags can promote confidence among road users.
In AI, safety mechanisms and shared standards will equally instil confidence in its use. But effective safeguards will take time and good research to discover.
Meanwhile, we have developed several frameworks to promote accountability and trust. Some of you may recall that Singapore published our Model AI Governance Framework in 2019. It was and remains the first of its kind in Asia.
Last year, we introduced AI Verify, a Governance Testing Framework and Toolkit. This minimum viable product has since attracted interest from over 50 companies. You can check out the showcase featuring companies like IBM, UBS and Singapore Airlines.
Partnerships to strengthen AI governance and promote safe and responsible use
In support of AI for the Public Good, Singapore has decided to open source AI Verify and launch the AI Verify Foundation. We believe that system developers, solution providers and the research community can all use and contribute to AI Verify. Crowding-in their expertise will also promote the growth of new and better testing tools.
The Foundation will set the strategic directions and development roadmap of AI Verify. Current members include IBM, Google, Microsoft, Red Hat, Salesforce and Aicadium. They will be our ambassadors to gather the community to develop better frameworks, standards and best practices. And we welcome more interested partners to join in.
We will also enhance our suite of governance tools. IMDA and Aicadium are releasing a joint discussion paper today, highlighting key areas of concerns in generative AI. We hope it will spark many conversations and build awareness on the guardrails needed.
Part IV: Building an AI-ready Singapore
To conclude, we believe AI is the next big shift since the internet and mobile. Amidst very real fears and concerns about its development, we will need to actively steer AI towards beneficial uses and away from bad ones. This is core to how Singapore thinks about AI.
In doing so, we hope to make Singapore an outstanding place for talent, ideas and experimentation. We also aim to be a vibrant node within a global network where efforts are directed towards trusted AI systems and responsible use. This will be where AI for the Public Good will truly come alive.
So to everyone here today, our story is just beginning and we invite you to be a part of it!
Thank you!
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